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V. Vivaudou Inc., is an American perfume manufacturer〔''Fined $5,000 As Smuggler'', --~~~~New York Times, November 2, 1920, p. 8〕 and auto company〔''Vivaudou Passes Dividend'', New York Times, February 27, 1921, p. E7〕 which operated in New York City.〔 V. Vivaudou Inc., was taken over by the United Drug Company in February 1916, for a price of $1,500,000. Among its perfume and cosmetics line, Mavis Talcum Vivaudou red tin was quite often part of the women's toiletries checklist. In August 1919 the United Drug Company sold V. Vivaudou Inc., to a syndicate of New York men for $2,500,000.〔''United Drug Company Sells Vivaudou'', Wall Street Journal, August 16, 1919, p. 3〕 The business signed to carry out the sale and distribution of Alcorub on the Pacific Coast, in September 1922.〔''To Handle Alcorub On Pacific Coast'', New York Times, September 2, 1922, p. 14〕 In January 1926 the firm approved a contract to acquire the Alfred H. Smith Company.〔 In May 1930 V. Vivaudou Inc., was ordered by the Federal Trade Commission to divest itself of capital stock in Parfumerie Melba, Inc., and the Alfred H. Smith Company. The FTC ruled that the companies were formerly competitors of V. Vivaudou Inc, and its acquisition of their stock constituted a monopoly.〔''V. Vivaoudou Inc.'', Wall Street Journal, May 10, 1930, p. 32〕 The order to divest was reversed by a United States Court of Appeals in November 1931. The court decided that the three companies' control of 6% of the United States cosmetics market did not constitute a monopoly.〔''Vivaudou Order Reversed'', Wall Street Journal, November 6, 1931, p. 3〕 ==Business history== Victor〔''U.S. Sues To Keep Undeclared Gems'', New York Times, June 3, 1920, p. 22〕 Vivaudou, the owner, was born in Cannes, France on January 2, 1881.〔Archives municipales de Cannes〕 He travelled to the US with his mistress Rosa on the Lusitania on September 12, 1914,〔Ellis Island Passenger record September 18, 1914〕 setting up V. Vivaudou Inc. in the Times building in 1915. He and three other investors also founded Meridian Motors, a Manhattan autos and appurtenances company, which was chartered in January 1917.〔 A new company was incorporated with V. Vivaudou as its president in September 1919. An underwriting syndicate was formed headed by J.S. Bache & Co. and S.M. Schatzkin.〔''V. Vivaudou, Inc.'', Wall Street Journal, September 6, 1919〕 The underwriting syndicate was dissolved in mid-September 1919.〔''Vivaudou Syndicate Dissolved'', Wall Street Journal, September 18, 1919, p. 10〕 The corporation had an initial capital outlay of $12,000,〔''Big Advertisers Started Humbly'', New York Times, May 13, 1923, p. E5〕 and maintained its headquarters at the New York Times Building.〔''New Incorporations'', New York Times, June 1, 1917, p. 17〕 V. Vivaudou Inc., was listed on the New York Stock Exchange beginning on May 5, 1920. It issued 300,000 shares of capitol stock.〔''Listings On Stock Exchange'', New York Times, May 6, 1920, p. 20〕 Company stockholders approved an increase of common stock from 340,000 to 500,000 shares on January 5, 1926. The shares were changed from $10 to no par value. They agreed to an issuance of 25,000 shares of 7 per cent preferred stock with $100 par value.〔''Vivaudou, Inc., Adds Common Stock'', New York Times, January 6, 1926, p. 40〕 In November 1920 V. Vivaudou, Inc., reduced its dividend from .50 to .25 per share to conserve cash, in order to meet expansion in the United States and Europe. It reported earnings of $288,430 for the quarter ending on October 31, 1920. The sum translated to $4 per share prior to accounting for taxes.〔''Vivaudou Dividend Reduced'', New York Times, November 28, 1920, p. 37〕 Victor Vivaudou pleaded guilty to smuggling before a United States federal judge in New York City, on November 1, 1920. Vivaudou and Rosa failed to declare a $10,000 necklace and a $500 diamond ring, which they purchased in France, in March 1920. Vivaudou was fined $5,000.〔 In November 1921 the corporation reported a decline in earnings. Its gross profit of $1,153,185 was below that of the previous year's $2,031,861. Gross sales amounted to $4,100,124.〔''Vivaudou Profits Decline'', New York Times, November 6, 1921, p. 99〕 V. Vivaudou, Inc., announced a 60% increase in sales in the first quarter of 1922.〔''Vivaudou Sales Notably Larger'', New York Times, May 11, 1922, p. 11〕 In August 1922 the firm stated that it had paid off the last of its bank loans and was debt free.〔''V. Vivaudou, Inc., Free Of Debt'', New York Times, August 31, 1922, p. 27〕 Net profit for 1922 was $592,947,〔''V. Vivaudou, Inc., 1922 Report'', New York Times, May 1, 1923, p. 34〕 and approximately $770,000 for the first ten months of 1923.〔''V. Vivaudou, Inc.'' ''Earnings'', New York Times, November 15, 1923, p. 31〕 By mid 1924 V. Vivadou Inc., reported a sharp decline in profits, largely due to losses incurred by its French subsidiaries.〔''Asks Change In Vivaudou'', New York Times, July 23, 1924, p. 22〕 Victor Vivaudou was ousted as President of V. Vivaudou Inc., by Jules Bache and David Schulte following disputes over conspiracy and fraudulent misrepresentation.〔''Vivaudou Alleges Stock Deal Fraud'', New York Times, August 28, 1925, p. 14〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「V. Vivaudou」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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